Este artigo propõe-se a mostrar como é possível, em pleno acordo com a inspiração original do ceticismo pirrônico e não obstante o silêncio de Sexto Empírico sobre esses pontos, desenvolver uma concepção cética de verdade e elaborar uma noção de realismo cético, que fazem justiça às intuições básicas do senso comum.

Em resposta a críticas dirigidas contra a postura neopirrônica defendida pelo autor em artigo anterior (Porchat 3), mostra-se que elas provêm de uma incompreensão básica da noção de fenômeno no ceticismo grego.

Na sua primeira parte e utilizando a linguagem filosófica contemporânea, este artigo delineia as linhas básicas da filosofia cética, de acordo com o pirronismo antigo, tanto em sua face negativa, dialética e antidogmática, como em sua face positiva, enquanto filosofia da vida prática cotidiana. A segunda parte é consagrada a enfatizar a proximidade estreita do pirronismo com relação às tendências contemporâneas do pensamento filosófico e a tornar manifesto o interesse permanente de relembrar-se o ceticismo grego.

O argumento explora que conseqüências resultariam se, no de-curso de uma revisão crítica empreendida por um filósofo de suas cren-ças e certezas, ele considerasse a possibilidade de estar louco. Desenvol-vido na primeira pessoa, o argumento, que tem um perfil cartesiano e é estranho ao padrão de argumentação do antigo ceticismo pirrônico, cul-mina, no entanto, numa postura cética. Ele desafia e põe em xeque, de uma maneira radical, os ideais de certeza e conhecimento absolutos pro-postos pela Razão clássica.

This paper develops two main themes: in the first place, one tries to make clear how, from the point of view of our contemporary philosophical ideas, a retrospective interpretation of Greek sceptic pyrrhonism allows us to read it, not only as a questioning of the theses and arguments of dogmatic philosophy, but as a questioning, too, of the very legitimity of the traditional philosophical problems and philosophical language. But the second part of the text is a positive one, which proceeds (...) to an analysis of the relation between a phenomenic and a dogmatic level of language and, then, explains how the idea of a philosophical investigation of problems formulated in the phenomenic level is plainly compatible with (neo)pyrrhonic philosophy. And a discussion is undertaken of the relation between problems formulated in one and another levels. (shrink)

The first translation into Ukrainian and French of the article "Saber comum e ceticismo” (Common knowledge and skepticism) by Osvaldo Porchat Pereira (1933–2017), which became one of the classic sources of modern Brazilian Neopyrrhonism.

Este artigo tenta mostrar que o nascimento do empirismo como orientação filosófica se deu, não na modernidade, mas na filosofia helenística grega, no pirronismo dos médicos-filósofos dessa época. A combinação de empirismo e Metodismo médico ensejou ao velho pirronismo a possibilidade de formular uma postura epistemológica consistente com seu fenomenismo originário, ao mesmo tempo que integrava no seu iniverso filosófico as práticas "cognitivas" das tékhnai gregas.

El argumento explora las consecuencias que habría si, en el decurso de una revisión critica emprendida por un filósofo de sus creencias y certezas, este considerase la posibilidad de estar loco. Desarrollado en primera persona, el argumento -que tiene un perfil cartesiano y es extraño al patrón de argumentación del antiguo escepticismo pirrónico- culmina, sin embargo, en una postura escéptica. Él desafía y pone en jaque, de una manera radical, los ideales de certeza y conocimiento absolutos propuestos por la razón (...) clásica. (shrink)

1. La experiencia de lo cotidiano [se] nos brinda siempre con anomalías, incongruencias, contradicciones. Y, cuando intentamos explicarlas, explicaciones a primera vista razonables acaban por revelarse insatisfactorias después de un examen más cuidadoso. La naturaleza de las cosas y de los acontecimientos no nos parece fácilmente inteligible. Las opiniones y los puntos de vista de los hombres son difícilmente conciliables o, incluso, unos con otros inconsistentes. Consensos quizá emergentes se muestran provisionales y precarios. Quien siente la necesidad de pensar con (...) un espíritu más crítico e intenta comprender mejor, esa diversidad toda lo desconcierta. (shrink)

My account of the causal role of consciousness in a physical world is modeled on Dretske’s celebrated explanation of the causal role of beliefs (something that Dretske himself never offered). First, behavior must be understood as a (broadly individuated) process that begins with some external stimulus causing some neurological event C, and ends with causing a bodily movement M (e.g., the Kennedy assassination is a process that begins with Oswald pulling the trigger at 12:30pm CST on November 23 in (...) 1963 in Dallas, Texas, but only ends half an hour later when Kennedy is pronounced dead at 1 pm CST). The internal neurological event C causes bodily movement M, but only by virtue of being recruited by natural selection to represent the instantiation of some external property F when properly stimulated under normal circumstances. But the reason why C causes M lies in the fact that C represents the instantiation of the external property F. I withdraw my hand from a hot surface because the activation of nociceptive specific neurons in my parietal lobe (together with the activation of neuronal patterns in my motor cortices) was recruited by natural selection to represent the tissue damage in my hand. The activation of nociceptive specific neurons causes my hand to withdraw but for the reason that it represents tissue data at the time that I felt pain in my hand. (shrink)

Por séculos, o ceticismo pirrônico vem sendo atacado por argumentações dogmáticas que propõem fazer dele uma escola que, inevitavelmente, provoca um estado de apraxia, isto é, de inércia, bem como de neutralidade, diante da vida comum e das investigações científicas que, diuturnamente, vêm sendo desenvolvidas. Mas seria o pirronismo culpado de tal acusação? Como pretendemos demonstrar no presente artigo, não. Para demonstrar tal inocência, voltamo-nos sobre alguns dos escritos de Oswaldo Porchat Pereira sobre seu Neopirronismo, dividindo este texto (...) em duas partes. Na primeira, faz-se necessário, seguindo a argumentação do autor, distinguir dois momentos do ceticismo pirrônico: (1) o primeiro negativo e que tem como escopo o alcance da epokhé e o embate com o dogmatismo; (2) o segundo positivo e que nos leva a pensar o campo da filosofia prática a partir de uma reflexão acerca da ação e da vida comum. Desse modo, o caminho se abre para que, na segunda parte de nosso texto, possamos então concluir com o autor o porquê de que ainda é necessário, bem como possível, ser cético nos embates filosóficos e científicos contemporâneos, haja vista as contribuições que o ceticismo ainda hoje pode nos fornecer. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Porchat Pereira and the Neo‐Pyrrhonian School Knowledge and Skepticism: The Legacy of Ezequiel de Olaso Luis Villoro and the Beginnings of Systematic Studies in Analytic Epistemology Current Analytic Epistemology in Latin America Acknowledgments References Further Reading.

In his interesting, original and well organized paper "O Ceticismo Pirrônico e os Problemas Filosóficos" Oswaldo Porchat Pereira reinterprets ancient Pyrrhonism and claims a new domain for the philosophical activity, namely the "phenomenic" one. The present text examines this doctrine in order to unravel not only the similarities between the Porchatian approach and contemporary pragmatism, but also some of the main difficulties connected with that reinterpretarion of Pyrrhonism.

Are contemporary philosophers to follow Pyrrho of Elis in adopting his skeptic craft or at least core aspects of it as a reaction to the fact that, since immemorial times, persons have been engaged in disputes in metaphysics? Over the last 2500 years or so, most Western philosophers have not done so in being more influenced by Aristotle’s dogmatic craft than by Pyrrho’s skeptic one. Over the last fifty years or so, a few Brazilian neo-Pyrrhonist philosophers, such as Oswald (...) Porchat, Otávio Bueno and Plínio Junqueira Smith, have done the opposite in aiming to spell out the pertinence of Ancient Pyrrhonism to contemporary philosophy. On its part, this essay makes a case for the claim that one is to react to the stated fact by adopting a conflictual craft that promotes a synthesis of Pyrrho’s skeptic craft and the dogmatic craft. This synthesis: brings to light the core features of the skeptic and of the dogmatic craft; problematizes the dogmatic craft by means of the skeptic one and vice-versa so that the shortcomings of these crafts are avoided; and aims to keep certain positive aspects both of the skeptic craft and of the dogmatic one. (shrink)

Gostaria de discutir algumas idéias de um filósofo brasileiro que muito admiro e sobre quem já escrevi anteriormente. Trata-se de Oswaldo Porchat Pereira, professor do Departamento de Filosofia da USP e criador do Centro de Lógica, Epistemologia e História da Ciência (CLE) da Unicamp. Recebi de um estudante de pós-graduação em Sociologia Política da UFSC a cópia de uma conferência que Oswaldo Porchat ministrara em maio de 1998 sob o título “Discurso aos estudantes de Filosofia da USP (...) sobre a pesquisa em Filosofia”. Leva um subtítulo instigador: “Gênero: provocatio.” A conferência fazia parte do II Encontro de Pesquisa na Graduação em Filosofia. Diz o professor Porchat: “E a pergunta imediatamente nos acode: pesquisa em Filosofia ou pesquisa em História da Filosofia?” (Grifos do autor) A questão de fundo está posta, mesmo que implicitamente: queremos formar filósofos ou historiadores da filosofia? E isto nos leva a outra questão: como formar filósofos e como formar historiadores da filosofia? (shrink)

O artigo critica a posição filosófica neopirrônica defendida por Oswaldo Porchat Pereira (Porchat 5). Argumentamos que uma de suas noções básicas, a de fenômeno, carece de uma definição apropriada. Além disso, mostramos que o neopirronismo abre as portas para o irracionalismo e que a ciência moderna traz problemas para essa postura.

Much has been said about intuitionistic and classical logical systems since Gentzen’s seminal work. Recently, Prawitz and others have been discussing how to put together Gentzen’s systems for classical and intuitionistic logic in a single unified system. We call Prawitz’ proposal the Ecumenical System, following the terminology introduced by Pereira and Rodriguez. In this work we present an Ecumenical sequent calculus, as opposed to the original natural deduction version, and state some proof theoretical properties of the system. We reason (...) that sequent calculi are more amenable to extensive investigation using the tools of proof theory, such as cut-elimination and rule invertibility, hence allowing a full analysis of the notion of Ecumenical entailment. We then present some extensions of the Ecumenical sequent system and show that interesting systems arise when restricting such calculi to specific fragments. This approach of a unified system enabling both classical and intuitionistic features sheds some light not only on the logics themselves, but also on their semantical interpretations as well as on the proof theoretical properties that can arise from combining logical systems. (shrink)

Cultural aspects frame our perception of the world and direct the many different ways people interact with things in it. For this reason, these aspects should be considered when designing technology with the purpose to positively impact people in a community. In this paper, we revisit the foundations of culture aiming to bring this concept in dialogue with design. To inform design with cultural aspects, we model reality in three levels of formality: informal, formal, and technical, and subscribe to a (...) systemic vision that considers the technical solution as part of a more complex social system in which people live and interact. In this paper, we instantiate this theoretical and methodological view by presenting two case studies of technology design in which culture-based artefacts were employed to inform the design process. We claim that as important as including issues related to culture in the ICT design agenda—from the conception to the development, evaluation, and adoption of a technology—is the need to support the design process with adequate artefacts that help identifying cultural aspects within communities and translating them into sociotechnical requirements. We argue that a culturally informed perspective on design can go beyond an informative analysis, and can be integrated with the theoretical and methodological framework used to support design, throughout the entire design process. (shrink)

This paper deals with the recent Swedish proposals of a Intuitionistic notion of Truth, by Dag Prawitz and Per Martin-Löf.

Recensión de E. Mikunda Franci, Derechos humanos y Mundo islámico, Universidad de Sevilla, 2001.

Este trabalho apresenta algumas considerações a respeito da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), no referente às questões ligadas ao ensino da língua portuguesa no Brasil, à territorialidade e ao pertencimento racial, processos históricos, que envolvem, no campo da educação, a formação docente e a construção da cidadania dos educandos e das educandas nestes tempos de reafirmação do Estado democrático de direito e da vaga decolonial. Portanto, trata-se de uma abordagem política em termos do pensamento de Paulo Freire, patrono da educação (...) brasileira, que considerava político o ato de educar (FREIRE, 1980; 1983; 1989; 1996). É com base nesta perspectiva que a BNCC será abordada, mas sob o aporte teórico da análise pragmática do discurso, tributária da análise discursivo-desconstrutiva (cf. ARAÚJO, 2020). (shrink)

Background: Nurses are the largest professional group in healthcare and those who make more decisions. In 2014, the Committee on Bioethics of the Council of Europe launched the “Guide on the decision-making process regarding medical treatment in end-of-life situations”, aiming at improving decision-making processes and empowering professionals in making end-of-life decisions. The Guide does not mention nurses explicitly. Objectives: To analyze the ethical principles most valued by nurses working in palliative care when making end-of-life decisions and investigate if they are (...) consistent with the framework and recommendations of the Guide; to identify what disputed/controversial issues are more frequent in these nurses’ current end-of-life care practices. Design: Qualitative secondary analysis. Participants/context: Three qualitative datasets including 32 interviews from previous studies with nurses working in palliative care in Portugal. Ethical consideration: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Research Lab of the Instituto de Bioética. Ethical procedures are thoroughly described. Findings: All participant nurses referred to autonomy as an ethical principle paramount in end-of-life decision-making. They were commonly involved in end-of-life decision-making. Palliative sedation and communication were the most mentioned disputed/controversial issues. Discussion: Autonomy was highly valued in end-of-life care and decision-making. Nurses expressed major concerns in assessing patients’ preferences, wishes, and promoting advance care planning. Nurses working in palliative care in Portugal were highly involved in end-of-life decision-making. These processes embraced a collective, inclusive approach. Palliative sedation was the most mentioned disputed issue, which is aligned with previous findings. Communication also emerged as a sensitive ethical issue; it is surprising, however, that only three nurses referred to it. Conclusion: While the Guide does not explicitly mention nurses in its content, this study shows that nurses working in palliative care in Portugal are involved in these processes. Further research is needed on nurses’ involvement and practices in end-of-life decision-making. (shrink)

Although the STS literature on boundary-work recognizes that such work unfolds within a “terrain of uneven advantage” vis-à-vis gender, race, and other inequalities, reflection about that uneven advantage has been strikingly underdeveloped. This article calls for a retheorizing of boundary-work that engages more actively with feminist, critical race, and postcolonial scholarship and examines more systematically the relation between scientific boundary-work, broader structures of sociopolitical inequality, and boundary-workers’ positionality. To demonstrate the need for this retheorization, I analyze ethnographic and interview data (...) on scientific boundary-work in the natural and social sciences in Portugal, showing that scholars’ gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, and nationality affect the success of their boundary-work. I suggest, therefore, that in unequal societies where credibility is unevenly distributed, the conditions are not in place for some scholars’ boundary-work to work. I draw on Sara Ahmed to argue that we must conceptualize scientific boundary-work as always potentially performative, but not always successfully so, and explicitly interrogate the actual conditions of performativity. Recognizing the links between inequality, embodiment, and non-performativity in scientific boundary-work will enable STS to better understand, and hopefully transform, the relations between contingent struggles over scientificity and entrenched structures of power. (shrink)

Wearable sensors are an integral part of the new telemedicine concept supporting the idea that Information Technologies will improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare. The use of sensors in diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients not only potentially changes medical practice but also one’s relationship with one’s body and mind, as well as the role and responsibilities of patients and healthcare professionals. In this paper, we focus on knowledge assessment of the online communities of Fitbit and the Quantified Self (...) movement. Through their online forums, we investigate how users’ knowledge claims, shared experiences and imaginations about wearable sensors interrogate or confirm the narratives through which they are introduced to the publics. Citizen initiatives like the Quantified Self movement claim the right to ‘own’ the sensor generated data. But how these data can be used through traditional healthcare systems is an open question. More importantly, wearable sensors trigger a social function that is transformative of the current idea of care and healthcare, focused on sharing, socialising and collectively reflecting about individual problems. Whether this is aligned with current policy making about healthcare, whose central narrative is focused on efficiency and productivity, is to be seen. (shrink)

Consciousness has always been linked to the nervous system or rather the brain, but there recorded conscious behaviors in organisms without nerve cells have changed the perspective of consciousness. A living cell is a blend of resonant frequencies, due to degrees of freedom that make it vibrate as a harmonic oscillator supporting the progression of vibrations as waves in and out of the system; to the neighboring cells, to the body, to other bodies and ultimately to the Universe; all of (...) which connects. Quantum generated consciousness is energy; emerges in each and every living cell and traverses by means of resonating vibrations; which utilizes the cellular structures to flow by means of a coherent, obscured, robust, recoverable process. (shrink)

Like Einstein's general theory of relativity is concerned with explaining the basics of an observable experience – i.e., gravity – most people take for granted that Chomsky's theory of generative grammar (GG) is concerned with the basic nature of language. This chapter highlights a mere subset of central constructs in GG, showing how they have featured prominently and thus shaped formal linguistic studies in multilingualism. Because multilingualism includes a wide range of nonmonolingual populations, the constructs are divided across child bilingualism (...) and adult third language for greater coverage. In the case of the former, the chapter examines how poverty of the stimulus has been investigated. Using the nascent field of L3/Ln acquisition as the backdrop, it discusses how the GG constructs of I‐language versus E‐language sit at the core of debates regarding the very notion of what linguistic transfer and mental representations should be taken to be. (shrink)

Drawing upon the concepts of civic epistemologies and sociotechnical imaginaries, this article delves into the history of nuclear energy in Portugal, analyzing the ways in which the nuclear endeavor was differently enacted by various sociopolitical collectives – the Fascist State, post-revolutionary governments and the public. Following the 1974 revolution - known as the Carnation Revolution - this paper analyzes how the nuclear project was fiercely contested by a vibrant anti-nuclear movement assembled against the construction of the Ferrel Nuclear Plant, the (...) first sociotechnical controversy in Portugal, paving the way for the emergence of a combative civic epistemology. Supported by semi-structured interviews with scientists, activists and local residents of Ferrel and the analysis of historical material, this article presents the failed Portuguese nuclear endeavor as an emblematic case study to explore the co-production of science and society, in particular the role of revolutionary processes in the unfolding of sociotechnical controversies. (shrink)

In this paper, I argue for a new solution to Mary’s puzzle in Jackson’s famous knowledge argument. We are told that imprisoned Mary knows all facts or truths about color and color vision. On her release, she learns something new according to B-type of materialism and according to property dualism. I argue that this cognitive improvement can only be accounted for in terms of what Schellenberg has recently called “capacitism,” namely the claim that that experience is constitutively a matter of (...) discriminating and singling out particulars by employing perceptual capacities. Of course, I am not claiming that knowing the phenomenal character is simply the possession of abilities, let alone that the phenomenal character is a sort of know-how. That is why my claim is not affiliated with Lewis and Nemirow's ability hypothesis position. I take for granted here a sort of property-representationalism, according to which the phenomenal character of experience supervenes on the cluster of properties that the respective experiences represent. On her release, Mary acquires those perceptual abilities on the basis of which she learns to discriminate all shades of color. And after applying her old physical concept RED to the shade of red, she comes to know what it is like to experience red (propositional knowledge). (shrink)

The present text has as a main goal to discuss the relations between childhood and contemporary culture. More so, that the social space the children occupy in the cyberculture became a very contradictory one: for in one hand we see such children with a natural inborne expertise; and on the other hand, we see them as unprotected and fragile beings. The line of reasoning we intend to partake with the reader, begins initially with the data research of the production of (...) arguments on the children´s relations with the internet that go around their daily routine and the researches of academical and official nature. On a second instance, we look into the market´s discursive production in order to observe how the making of sites, targeted speciffically to childrens, relates itself with prerrogatives of such specialized knowledge. At last but not at least, we show a philosophical approach of such speeches sustained metaforically by the homeric narrative and Franz Kafka’s reading of Ulisses’encounter at the mermaid’s island. Through this path we intend to analyze tendencies that emerge from the production of knowledge about childhood and cyberculture and, altogether, to think on the ethical and methodological chalenges that such subject imposes to childhood’s researchers. (shrink)

Neste trabalho nos ocupamos centralmente em compreender a proposta ética de Hans Jonas e como ele apresenta o Princípio Responsabilidade como uma categoria ética a ser norteadora das ações humanas. Apresentamos um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da Filosofia da Tecnologia enquanto uma disciplina filosófica específica e, então, discutimos as principais considerações de Jonas sobre a necessidade de uma ética inteiramente nova que tome a técnica como objeto e a proposta que este apresente de uma ética do futuro pautada na responsabi (...) lidade enquanto princípio. (shrink)

Aborda a ética no tratamento temático da informação dentro da dinâmica do acesso e uso informacional. Objetiva discutir teoricamente questões éticas em tratamento temático da informação e o impacto dessas sobre a acessibilidade informacional. Metodologicamente, tem-se pesquisa de ordem teórica, exploratório-descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa. Emprega revisão de literatura sobre artigos de periódicos, trabalhos publicados em eventos e capítulos de livro do campo biblioteconômico-informacional. A reflexão teórica evidencia pontos de necessário aperfeiçoamento, a fim de que se garanta um processo representativo (...) imbuído de imparcialidade, limitado à atribuição de assunto que seja concernente ao documento, mas que ao mesmo tempo, não traga perdas para o usuário da informação. Delimita-se, por fim, a necessária integração entre o trato temático, a ética e a acessibilidade informacional, em vias de fomentar a cadeia documental em torno da produção, da organização e do uso da informação. (shrink)

Analysis of the work Thus spoke Zarathustra (1883-1885), by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. More specifically, they stop at the second moment of that work, Da redemption. In a sense, Zarathustra - as a kind of mask over Nietzsche's face - presents a good part of Nietzschean doctrine: there is a walk, or a crossing, that will take him to the hero's journey, both in terms of content and in the style of narrating your philosophy. Therefore, Zarathustra, as a mask (...) for the philosopher Nietzsche, weaves his criticisms of the West, being also a mask through which the journey is taken and the subject's redemption is reached. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar o sistema lógico-filosófico de Proclo, de maneira a tornar perceptível o caráter triádico do seu sistema. Para tanto, é utilizada, como obra principal, Os Elementos de Teologia. Deste modo, o trabalho analisa as hipóstases que compõe a realidade, a saber: divina, inteligível e psíquica. Ademais, são mostradas as principais características de cada hipóstase, de maneira que, ao fim, se pode concluir que os elementos intermediários têm papel fundamental no sistema de Proclo.

Este artigo discute diferentes usos do ubuntu. Em particular, debate as possibilidades de o conceito atuar enquanto uma filosofia moral. Trata-se de uma discussão forte especialmente na academia sul-africana, e basicamente se divide entre os entusiastas do ubuntu como possibilidade de resgatar um senso de comunidade perdido; e seus detratores, que o entendem como incompatível com a modernidade.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um ensaio genealógico da natureza histórica e discursiva sobre a educação profissional no Brasil, refletindo sobre a construção dos regimes de verdade do currículo do ensino médio integrado ofertado pelos Institutos Federais e as relações de poder estabelecidas nesse processo. As considerações apresentadas dialogam com as teorias pós-críticas do currículo e com o movimento pós-estruturalista ao problematizar algumas condições históricas e discursivas do currículo do ensino médio integrado e observar de que maneira padrões (...) disciplinadores penetram na organização do conhecimento escolar. A argumentação foca no currículo como dispositivo de saber e poder e a ênfase nas repercussões das relações de poder e suas práticas discursivas. Ao dimensionar o tempo, com a marcação histórica do ensino médio integrado, não intencionamos demarcar itinerários históricos, mas os acontecimentos discursivos que se tornam significativos para esse exercício analítico e genealógico. (shrink)

Este estudo tem como tema a biblioteca escolar, vista como um espaço pedagógico que promove a vivência empática, analisado em uma perspectiva antropológica e fenomenológica. A justificativa se baseia na dimensão pedagógica e antropológica da biblioteca escolar, que tem a pessoa humana como centro de seus processos e possibilita a reflexão sobre a experiência no mundo social e cultural, bem como a manifestação da intersubjetividade humana. O objetivo geral foi compreender a empatia como ato pedagógico vivenciado na biblioteca escolar, a (...) partir de um viés fenomenológico, e considerando a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e a Antropologia Filosófica. A pesquisa foi de natureza teórica, bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva e se delimitou no conceito de empatia na Antropologia Filosófica e na BNCC, com a finalidade de problematizar e investigar se a vivência empática pode contribuir para o ato pedagógico na práxis cotidiana da biblioteca escolar. Os resultados apontaram que a biblioteca escolar, ao aplicar a vivência empática em sua dimensão pedagógica mediadora, revela a sua concepção antropológica e se constitui como um lugar privilegiado para o ato educativo empático, a pedagogia humanizadora, o diálogo, a reflexão sobre o outro, a promoção do respeito e dos direitos, a formação cidadã, o acolhimento à diversidade social e cultural, a abertura para a subjetividade e as relações intersubjetivas humanas. (shrink)